Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to study the effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed and implemented to train the location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) the participants of the study were randomly assigned to treatment (12) and control (12) groups and trained for a week.  Conclusion: The descriptive and interpretive result of the posttest analyses indicated the effectiveness of gamification of the training performed for the employees of the firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, the descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by the members of the experimental group after gamified training indicated that all the participants in the experimental group were satisfied with the gamified training course.

Background and Objective: Biological SOIL crusts are a collection of lichens, mosses, fungi, cyanobacteria, etc. that are part of the SOIL ecosystem. Estimation of density and distribution of biological SOIL crusts in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, which is the subject of SOIL erosion and wastage is very important. Methods based on remote sensing techniques are important in terms of cost and time less efficient methods to achieve this goal. Segzi plain is one of the critical points of wind erosion in Iran and identifying and determining the distribution of biological SOIL crusts as a SOIL modifier is an effective step in reducing wind erosion in the region. In this research, BSCI (Biological SOIL Crust) index has been used to prepare the distribution map of lichen-dominated biological SOIL crusts. Materials and Methods: The study area is part of the Sajzi Desert (Central Deserts of Iran) which is located in Isfahan province of Iran. The study area with an area of 199. 5 hectares is spread between the eastern lengths of 51o52'32" to 52o27'41" and the northern widths of 32o33'31" to 32o55'01". The average slope of Segzi plain is 1. 08 percent and its average height is 1680 meters. According to the statistics of East Isfahan Meteorological Station (Shahid Beheshti Station), the average annual rainfall in the region is 106 mm. According to the Dumarten climatic classification, the climate of the region is dry and according to the Amberge classification it is cold. The BSCI index is a combination of the relationships used to estimate vegetation and bare SOIL surface, and its mathematical relationship is the slope of the SOIL line. To calculate the SOIL line in an area, one must first separate the pixels that have bare SOIL and no vegetation. In order to calculate the SOIL line equation, in four seasons of a year, images of Landsat OLI 8 satellite related to 2018 were downloaded from the site of the US Geological Survey and 20 to 30 pixels of pure bare SOIL were extracted by drawing the reflection values of these pixels in the red and infrared band. Red near SOIL line coefficients were calculated for each season in the Segzi Plain. Based on BSCI index, lichen-dominated biological SOIL crust are identified using at least VIS-NIR spectral reflection and the slope between the red and green bands compared to bare SOIL and dry vegetation. Using ENVI software, the distribution shells of biological shells with lichen dominance were prepared in four seasons since 2018 in Segzi plain. Then, the prepared maps were validated based on land points and the total accuracy and kappa index were calculated in all four seasons. The collected lichen samples were identified based on their morphological characteristics and using a stereomicroscope, conventional microscope and common color reagents such as potassium hydroxide (KOH). After applying the BSCI index on the Landsat OLI 8 satellite image, using ENVI software, spectral profiles related to 4 points of Segzi plain in four seasons of the year were prepared and the spectral reflection in four seasons of the year in different points were examined. Results and Discussion: The slope of the SOIL line is lower in the rainy season, which coincides with the growth of herbaceous and annual plants, compared to the summer season, which has the least amount of rainfall, and the annual plants have dried up and become extinct. In May, the slope of the SOIL line was minimal (0. 39) and in late summer it has its maximum value (0. 78). In fact, the slope of the SOIL line has decreased from mid-August to May, and then has increased with the loss of annual vegetation and the increase of bare SOIL surface. The distribution maps of bio-shells in all four seasons of the year were validated during field visits and the year it was found that the highest accuracy of the map related to the map produced from Landsat 8 image is related to summer with 94% total accuracy and Kappa index equal to 0. 7412. Interpretation of the spectral profiles of the BSCI index shows that the reflections of the spectra related to the zephyr and strain prepared on the lichen dispersion points are very close to each other and also the spectral profiles of the mid-autumn and early spring are quite consistent. Whereas in the faults, which did not cover the biological crust, the amount of reflection was higher and there was a slight difference between the reflection diagrams of autumn and spring. Although the reflectance values of a range of agricultural lands and the distribution points of biological crusts are very close to each other, the spectral diagrams of all four seasons are very different from each other. But in all seasons of the year and in all places, the least reflection has occurred in the beginning of winter and the most reflection has occurred in summer. The climate of Segzi plain is Mediterranean and precipitation occurs in the cold season of the year. Simultaneously with the increase of precipitation from the middle of autumn, annual plants and mosses at the base of shrubs begin to grow and reach their peak in early winter and again at the beginning of spring. Decreases in rainfall have reduced their density. If the winter spectrum has the least reflection in all places. While in late summer, when the annuals and mosses have dried up, it has had the greatest spectral reflection. In Fasaran, which is a barren area and a landfill, it has shown its maximum reflection. Therefore, the BSCI index relative to the percentage of organic matter has a significant error in the detection of biological SOIL crust and where the organic matter is high may not provide accurate diagnosis of SOIL bioshells. Of course, since the BSCI index is defined for the detection of throat compounds in lichen tissues. The error rate for organic matter is reduced to a minimum. As it has been observed in the final map, there is no cover of biological SOIL crusts in Fasaran and only SOIL biological crusts are observed in the areas around Fasaran in the agricultural areas. In agricultural areas, due to human intervention and cultivation, the amount of annual plants is different from the field of natural resources in different seasons of a year have become. Conclusion: Spectral similarity of the most important SOIL surface, including vegetation, the involvement of human factors in increasing or decreasing SOIL organic matter, bare SOIL, etc. limits the efficiency of the BSCI index and therefore in the time period of satellite images and regional conditions have a great impact on It has the accuracy of BSCI index.

Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstand both dynamic and static loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the effects of earthquakes on underground structures and the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated and by using Plaxis 2D software and based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, sensitivity analysis on geotechnical parameters of the SOIL surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight and modulus of elasticity was carried out, and the parameters whose changes have the greatest and least effects on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in static analysis. Also, outputs of sensitivity analysis on geotechnical parameters of the SOIL surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the SOIL surrounding tunnel has the most effect and cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..

ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years since the first research in the field of urban DEVELOPMENT implementation plans, there has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in the global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to the subject of urban DEVELOPMENT implementation plans, to identify important and recurring themes alongside analyzing the relationships between authors, journals, and countries in this field. Along with the bibliographic analysis, documents related to the field of urban DEVELOPMENT implementation plans were reviewed to identify influential indicators in their implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from the Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, and analyzed using scientometric software. These analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, and author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as the most recurrent indicators in this field. The bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. The United States is the most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 and 176 articles. Berke, P. is the most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 and 99 citations. Among the journals examined, "Land Use Policy" has the highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, and the "Journal of the American Planning Association" has the highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among the identified. Extended Abstract Introduction The implementation of urban DEVELOPMENT projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring the success of such projects. While there have been numerous studies on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of policy implementation, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on the subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban DEVELOPMENT projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban DEVELOPMENT projects. The study begins by collecting and categorizing existing research in the field, focusing on three main questions: -What are the key indicators for successful implementation? -What are urban journals and articles' current trends and performance? -How do countries and researchers collaborate in this area? The study also examines the relationships between authors, publishers, and different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for further research and a more structured approach to understanding the implementation process of urban DEVELOPMENT projects.   Methodology This study examined the literature related to implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning. The authors used the Scopus database to extract and collect data, focusing on combining the keywords "implementation-plan" and "evaluation-plan" in the keywords, abstracts, and titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as the final database after filtering out non-article documents. The authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in the slope of the trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 and 2022, possibly due to the global pandemic and the emergence of new related topics. The authors used a four-stage process to analyze the bibliographic subject of the study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis. The authors identified the selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, and main themes and sub-themes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning.   Results and discussion This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation and execution of urban DEVELOPMENT plans using bibliometrics and systematic analysis. The study considers evaluation as a crucial part of the implementation process and seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation and execution globally. Secondly, it examines the trends and performances of new articles and urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact the implementation process of urban plans. The results show that "performance evaluation," "effectiveness," "land use," "zonation," "participation," "program quality," and "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. The study also highlights the importance of evaluation in the discussion of program implementation and its separability from the implementation process. Using the scientometric software VOSviewer, the study analyzed 68 keywords related to the bibliographic topic. "Program evaluation" obtained the first place, followed by "Program implementation" and "Program quality." The co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has the highest number of citations and link strength. Additionally, the study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by the software. The "land use policy" journal had the highest link strength, and the "Journal of the American planning association" had the highest number of documents related to this field. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in urban DEVELOPMENT planning. It comprehensively examines the implementation and execution of urban DEVELOPMENT plans, identifies effective indicators, and investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study highlights the importance of evaluation in the implementation process and its separability from the implementation process.   Conclusion The main goal of this research was to fill the gap in research on the implementation and execution of urban DEVELOPMENT projects in the field, as no systematic review of the topic has been conducted from a global perspective since the first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has the evaluation of implementation been systematically reviewed, or the systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as the review of various experiences in the Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with the comprehensive approach that the evaluation of implementation is an integral part of the overall process of implementing and executing urban DEVELOPMENT projects, this process has been examined from the perspective of bibliometrics and systematic analysis of this field. The main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to the implementation field, where program evaluation is only an important part of its structure, and secondly, using the scientometric software VOSviewer for the first time in this field. In essence, the conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel and exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in the domain of appraising and discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of the literature concerning the urban implementation and execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, and thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to the Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases and undertake comparative evaluations of the results. Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

DEVELOPMENT of sensors to detect the location and depth of hard pans in real time is a major restriction on the application of Site Specific Crop Management (SSCM). In this study, a SOIL compaction profile sensor equipped with four horizontal operating penetrometers for on-the-go sensing and mapping of the location and intensity of hard pans artificially formed in a SOIL bin was developed and tested. The leading edge of a 600 mm long vertical SOIL cutting blade held four 8 mm diameter, 80 mm long, and 30 degree conic tip stainless steel SOIL penetrating rods equally spaced at 100 mm vertical intervals. With this arrangement, when the cutting blade was driven into the SOIL up to a 500 mm depth, the conic tips sensed SOIL penetration resistances at 100, 200, 300 and 400 mm depths. The penetration resistance force was transmitted by the rod end to the elastic diaphragm of a hydrostatic oil chamber beneath each rod. Each oil chamber was connected to a force magnifying piston and cylinder located off the SOIL engaging tools. The penetration force was magnified five times before being sensed by a strain gage load cell. Software programs with the capability of discriminating 16 levels of SOIL compaction intensity were developed for monitoring SOIL impedances sensed by the SOIL probes and for converting them to SOIL compaction maps. For conducting the tests in the SOIL bin, the sensor mounted on the tool carrier frame was moved along the bin, where artificially formed compacted SOIL blocks with various densities (1.45, 1.65 and 1.85 Mg/m3) were placed at different locations and depths (up to 500 mm deep at 100 mm increments). While the probe was cutting and advancing through the SOIL, the corresponding compaction map was simultaneously displayed on a PC monitor, and the SOIL penetration resistance data of all four sensing tips was displayed and stored in program files.

Response of Haloxylon's root to SOIL moisture content was studied at Yazd, Shahid-Sadooghi Control Desert Research Station adjacent to manual Haloxylon spp. plantations. Nine lysimeters (120 cm diameter and 170 cm depth) with four hatchways at different depths (30, 60, 90 and 120 cm.) were made to sampling of SOIL and plant's root. Haloxylon's seedlings were planted in lysimeters after preparation of them. Moisture treatments contain: Pot capacity (control), 1/3 pot capacity and dry stress down after a year nursing of the seedlings. All experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Water requirement content to reach the SOIL moisture to optimum level, provided by weighting of lysimeters weekly. Irrigation was avoided at dry stress treatment when plants were established completely. Treatments were continued for two growth seasons and the effects of them on root DEVELOPMENT (length viewpoint) were evaluated. After removing, washing and drying up the roots from lysimeters, total root weight was measured in each lysimeter separately and then, the effects of different treatments on it were studied. Results showed that moisture treatments have significantly affected the root weight (p=0.1%). Different SOIL depths have also significantly affected the dry root weight at the same statistical level, whereas the effect of SOIL depth was not significant on root length.

Plant roots absorb water and minerals from SOIL solution. Plant production is a function of root distribution and its activity in SOIL. By increasing root density in SOIL unit volume, roots absorb more water and minerals. This implies that knowledge of root DEVELOPMENT is an important factor for crop production. To determine the most suitable amount of water for the maximum DEVELOPMENT of corn (Zea mays L.) root, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in 2006-07. Water was applied in 55, 70, 85, 100 and 110 percent of water demand. The total corn roots were taken from the all pots in three stages: i.e. 8-9 leaves, the silk production and the dough. Wet and dry weights, volume, surface area and length of roots were measured in all three stages. In addition, ratio of root by dry matter of stem was calculated. The results revealed that weight, volume, surface area and length of roots were increased by increasing in the amount of water applied up to 100% water demand. A significant difference (5%) was found between treatments 85, 100, and 110% water demand with treatment 55% water demand, By an increase in the amount of water applied, the ratio of root to stem was decreased. It means, when water use is in optimum level, the root growth is stimulated, otherwise it is limited. It is concluded that optimum efficiency of water is taken with using 70 percent of water demand instead of 100 or 110 percent.